Frontiers in Advanced Materials Research

Energy-Saving Triggering Series Low-Power, High-Performance Locking Systems for Element Design

2025-07-29T06:14:41+00:00

Flip-flops represent a significant source of power dissipation within a system. The clocking system itself comprises sequential components, such as latches and flip-flops, alongside the network that delivers clock signals. The pseudo-NMOS technology, split path, and clock tree sharing schemes are employed to propose a positive edge triggering flip-flop that is designed for both speed and power efficiency. The flip-flop's latching section's floating node instability and inadequate circuit energy loss are solved via pseudo NMOS and split path approaches, respectively. By enabling the latching part of the flip-flop to share the clock provision network for gathering the data D, the clock tree sharing technique reduces the D-Q delay and the overall number of transistors required to construct the clock provision network. Cutting back on the number of clocked loads is one method that reduces dynamic power dissipation and switching activity. The flip-flop’s latching part is made using this process in the suggested design. This study evaluates the performance of a flip-flop circuit modeled using 0.12 nm CMOS process technology. According to the simulation comparison, the suggested register element design improves The power delay product increased from 56.86^th% to 71.26^th%, the energy delay product rose from 77.86^th% to 82.4^th%, and the power energy product (PEP) escalated from 56.22^th% to 81.22^th%. It conserves between 7.06^th% and 32.83^rd% of energy.

The Extreme Solar Storms of May 2024: A Comprehensive Analysis of Causes, Effects, and Historical Context

2025-07-29T06:14:41+00:00

The solar storms of May 2024 represented one of the most significant space weather events of the 21^st century, producing multiple X-class solar flares, a rare "cannibal" coronal mass ejection (CME), and G5-class geomagnetic storms that rivaled historical events like the Halloween Storms of 2003. This comprehensive analysis examines the underlying physics, technological impacts, societal consequences, and historical context of these extraordinary solar phenomena, while exploring their implications for our increasingly technology-dependent civilization.

Influence of non-thermal plasma treated Nano-carbon on TiO2 coated PMMA for bio activation of medical devices

2025-09-24T11:15:37+00:00

The Titanium di Oxide (TiO₂) was successfully coated over transparent Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheets by spin coating method which was then subjected to Acetylene Plasma processing to form a thin- Nano carbon layer on the TiO₂coated PMMA. The amorphous carbon was uniquely coated by novel vacuum plasma based immersion technique on TiO₂coated PMMA with the base pressure of 5x10^-5 m.bar. The Acetylene gas was used as Plasma gas which was the ultimate source of carbon. The afore said incorporation technique helps PMMA to attain more mechanical strength, improved surface and mainly good bioactive property with high antibacterial activity with the continuous carboxylic group of polymer network. This plasma processed TiO₂coated PMMA was subjected to various characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD analysis. The carboxylic stretching mode and C=O bending modes were evident by Raman spectroscopy studies were as the symmetric and asymmetric carboxyl groups were observed by FTIR spectroscopy. Three humps were observed as an amorphous Nano carbon at 10 and 45 2θ values using XRD measurements. This study confirmed the formation of thin- Nano carbon layer on the TiO₂coated PMMA which may be used for medical device applications such as for bio-implant purposes after a detailed investigation.

Harnessing Mycelium Bio-composite panels for Improved Acoustic and Flame-Retardant Properties for Architectural Applications: A Comprehensive Review

2025-07-29T06:14:41+00:00

This article examines the development and characterization of mycelium-based composites derived from agricultural waste, with a focus on their acoustic and thermal insulation properties for architectural applications. The review evaluates composites created using various substrates—rice straw, corn husks, and sugarcane bagasse—bound together by Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium through a controlled growth and deactivation process. Testing revealed promising acoustic absorption coefficients (0.6-0.8) in the 500-2000 Hz frequency range, with corn husk-based composites demonstrating superior performance. Thermal conductivity values (0.038-0.044 W/mK) were comparable to commercial insulation products. Microstructural analysis showed that the unique integration of the three-dimensional mycelial network with natural fibres creates an optimal hierarchical porous structure for heat resistance and sound absorption. The research highlights how these sustainable bio-composites offer competitive performance to synthetic materials while supporting circular bioeconomy principles through waste utilization and biodegradability. Applications in building construction, acoustic panels, e-waste management, and water pollution remediation demonstrate the versatility and environmental benefits of these innovative materials.

Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesis, Surface Coating, and Biomedical Applications: A Review

2025-07-29T06:14:41+00:00

In recent years, the development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted the attention of users worldwide due to their potential for use in many fields, including biomedical applications. The unique properties of MNPs, such as superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization, and biocompatibility, make them ideal for many biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and drug delivery. Synthetic methods include ball milling, gas phase condensation (GPC), sol-gel, and thermal decomposition. Surface coating of MNPs is important to improve their biocompatibility, stability, and targeting ability. Various coating materials are discussed, including organic polymers, inorganic silica, and gold. Using MNPs as a contrast agent in MRI improves image quality and allows imaging of small tumors. MNPs also show promise in cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and hyperthermia. Biocompatibility and toxicity of MNPs are important factors to consider in their biomedical applications. Surface coating of MNPs plays an important role in reducing their toxicity and increasing their biocompatibility. The use of biocompatible materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases the safety of MNPs in biomedical applications. Future research should focus on overcoming challenges associated with mass synthesis, coating, and biomedical applications of MNPs.